1成果简介 
　　为应对日益加剧的电磁、热能及声学污染问题，本文，安徽工业大学张贺新 教授、刘明凯 教授、韩国庆北大学KeunByoung Yoon等研究人员在《ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS》期刊发表名为“Facile Fabrication of Ultralight Magnetic Graphene/Hollow Microsphere Aerogels for High Performance Shielding of Electromagnetic Wave, Heat, and Sound”的论文，研究提出一种可扩展策略，直接构建具有双层结构的超轻（33.1 mg cm⁻³）多功能气凝胶。该气凝胶通过整合FeCo包覆空心微球（FeCo@HM）与还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）网络制备而成。所得材料在多个方面展现出卓越性能：80 wt.% FeCo@HM复合材料的比电磁屏蔽效能（SSE）达3931.5 dB cm² g⁻¹，其中74.8%的屏蔽效果源于吸收作用。
　　此外，该材料还具有0.037 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹的超低导热系数和优异的吸声性能，降噪系数(NRC)达0.62。其分级多孔结构与磁电协同损耗机制有效延长了电磁波传播路径并抑制二次辐射。该气凝胶还展现出强劲的焦耳加热特性与红外隐身能力。这项工作为新一代智能屏蔽材料开创了全新范式，其低成本、可扩展的制备工艺突破了传统气凝胶生产的制造瓶颈。
　　2图文导读

  
　　方案一 、Schematic diagram of the fabrication of G/FeCo@HM aerogel.

　　图1、Morphology of HM and FeCo@HM. SEM images of a,b,c) HM and d) FeCo@HM; e,f,g) Corresponding Fe, Co, and C element mapping of (d); h) Photographs of FeCo@HM with and without a magnetic bar; i) VSM curve of FeCo@HM.

　　图2、Microstructural and physical characterization of G/FeCo@HM aerogels. a) Schematic diagram of sample drying process; SEM images of G/FeCo@HM aerogels with b) 40 wt.%, c) 60 wt.% and d) 80 wt.% FeCo@HM; (e,f,g) Corresponding Fe, Co and C element mapping of (c); h) Density of G/FeCo@HM aerogels; i) Optical image of FeCo@HM aerogel resting on a plant stem; j) Magnetic bar attract G/FeCo@HM aerogel horizontally and vertically.

　　图3、Electrical conductivity and EMI shielding performance of G/FeCo@HM aerogels. a) Electrical conductivity; b) EMI SE; c) Average values of SET, SEA and SER; d) Specific EMI SE; e) Power coefficients; f) Comparison of the reported EMI SE composites and g) Practical EMI shielding G/FeCo@HM aerogels.

　　图4、EMI shielding mechanism of G/FeCo@HM aerogel.

　　图5、Sound absorption properties of G/FeCo@HM aerogel. a) Schematic of the actual noise reduction effect of the impedance tube equipment test. b) Sound absorption curve of G/FeCo@HM aerogel with thickness of 3.0 mm; c) Comparison of the NRC of G/FeCo@HM aerogel with other reported acoustic absorbers of different thicknesses. d) Sound absorption mechanism of G/FeCo@HM aerogel.

　　图6、Thermal management capabilities of G/FeCo@HM aerogels. a) Current–voltage (I–V) curves; b) Temperature-time curves of G/FeCo@HM aerogels under a 16 V voltage; c) Temperature-time curves and d) IR images of G/FeCo@HM aerogels with 40 wt.% FeCo@HM under different voltages; e) Long-term cycling stability.
　　3小结 
　　本研究通过简便的制备策略，将FeCo@HM与石墨烯框架整合，成功开发出超轻多功能气凝胶。所得G/FeCo@HM气凝胶展现出卓越的电磁干扰屏蔽性能，在X波段达到3931.5 dB cm² g⁻¹。该屏蔽机制以吸收为主导，吸收贡献率达74.8%。此外，该气凝胶还具有0.037 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹的超低导热系数和出色的声学吸收性能，降噪系数(NRC)达0.62。其分级多孔结构结合磁电协同效应，显著延长电磁波传播路径并最大限度抑制二次辐射。此外，G/FeCo@HM气凝胶展现出优异的焦耳加热性能和红外隐身能力，这归功于其低热发射率和导热性。这种结合FeCo@HM与石墨烯的独特双层结构，不仅解决了传统屏蔽材料的局限性（如高密度和阻抗失配），还实现了电磁、热量和声学管理的多功能集成。报道的简易制备策略克服了传统气凝胶生产相关的可扩展性挑战，在可穿戴电子设备、航空航天和建筑隔热/降噪等特定场景中展现出潜在应用价值和技术可行性。
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