1成果简介

　　追求兼具高灵敏度、宽检测范围和优异耐久性的平衡性能，仍是柔性压阻式传感器实际应用的核心挑战。本文，昆明理工Xiaoming Cai、蔡金明教授团队在《ACS Appl. Electron. Mater》期刊发表名为“Balanced High-Sensitivity and Wide-Range Flexible Sensor for Human-Machine Interaction”的论文，研究报道了一种夹心结构的柔性压阻传感器，其核心传感材料采用碳化还原氧化石墨烯薄膜（C-rGOF），并用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）进行封装（简称C-rGOF@PDMS）。该传感器通过肼水合物辅助梯度发泡策略结合高温碳化工艺制备，形成具有均匀稳定三维多孔结构的C-rGOF传感核心。
　　该器件实现了关键性能指标的协同优化：高达122 kPa⁻¹的高灵敏度、0.01–1300 kPa的宽检测范围、70/52毫秒的快速响应/恢复时间、100毫克的超低检测限，以及在1 kPa压力下超过40,000次的稳定循环性能。凭借这些特性，该传感器能精准捕捉人类动作的广谱信号，涵盖从皱眉、吞咽等细微生理活动到肘膝关节动态运动的完整范围。通过集成4×4传感器阵列并采用列扫描电路策略，有效抑制了信号串扰，实现了动态空间压力映射。此外，基于Arduino控制器的集成触觉手套系统成功将常见手势（包括1至5的数字手势、手指心形手势及握拳动作）转化为仿生机械手的稳定精准控制。这项从材料设计到系统集成的研究，为构建高性能、低成本且可扩展的柔性触觉系统提供了范式，在医疗康复、智能假肢及远程操作领域具有广阔应用前景。
　　2图文导读 

　　图1. Sensor fabrication process and working mechanism. (a) Flowchart for the preparation of C-rGOF. (b) Optical images of C-rGOF, demonstrating its flexibility and tailorability. (c) Schematic diagram of the encapsulation process for the C-rGOF@PDMS sensor. (d) Schematic illustration of the piezoresistive change in the C-rGOF@PDMS sensor under pressure. (e) Exploded view of the C-rGOF@PDMS sensor.

　　图2. Characterization of GO film, rGOF, and C-rGOF. (a) SEM image of GO film. (b) SEM image of rGOF. (c) SEM image of C-rGOF. (d) Raman spectra of GO film, rGOF, and C-rGOF. (e) XRD patterns of GO film, rGOF, and C-rGOF. (f) XPS survey spectra of GO film, rGOF, and C-rGOF. High-resolution XPS C 1s spectra of (g) GO film, (h) rGOF, and (i) C-rGOF.High-resolution XPS N 1s spectra of (j) GO film, (k) rGOF, and (l) C-rGOF.

　　图3. Piezoresistive performance characterization of C-rGOF@PDMS. (a) Sensitivity of C-rGOF@PDMS in the 0–400 kPa range. (b) Stress–strain curves of unencapsulated C-rGOF at 50, 60, and 70% strain. (c) Stress–strain curves of C-rGOF@PDMS at different strains of 50, 60, and 70%. (d) Optical images of C-rGOF@PDMS compressed at 50, 60, and 70% strain. (e) Optical image of a 100 mg water droplet loaded on the sensor surface. (f) Corresponding current response signal generated by the 100 mg water droplet loading in (e). (g) Relative current change of the C-rGOF@PDMS sensor at frequencies of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 Hz, showing excellent frequency-independent characteristics. (h) Response and recovery time of the sensor under 1 kPa pressure. (i) Durability test of C-rGOF@PDMS over 40,000 loading/unloading cycles at 1 kPa and 1 Hz. (j) Radar chart comparing the key performance indicators of this work with recently reported piezoresistive sensors: Sensitivity (S), Detection Range (DR), Response Time (RT), Cycle Number (CN), and Detection Limit (DL). The plot is generated using normalized data (0–1 scale). The raw data for comparison and the detailed normalization procedure are provided in Tables S6 and S7.

　　图4. Application of the C-rGOF@PDMS sensor in human physiological signal monitoring. (a) Real-time monitoring of frowning action. (b) Current change from the sensor on the facial masseter muscle. (c) Electrical signal response during water swallowing. (d) Real-time monitoring of periodic wrist bending. (e) Monitoring of periodic elbow joint bending. (f) Real-time current signal from knee joint bending.

　　图5. Spatial pressure mapping application of the C-rGOF@PDMS sensor array. (a) Electrical signal changes for different weights placed on the sensor array. (b) Optical image during two-finger presses on the array. (c) Optical image during multifinger press on the array. (d) Pressure response of the sensor array to different weights. (e) Working schematic of the 4 × 4-pixel array sensing matrix.

　　图6. Bionic robotic hand control system based on the C-rGOF@PDMS tactile glove. (a) Electrical signal change during finger bending from 0 to 90°. (b) Control system architecture diagram. (c) Physical wiring diagram of the control system. (d) Interaction diagram between the C-rGOF@PDMS tactile glove and the bionic robotic hand under different gestures.
　　3小结
　　本研究成功开发了一种高性能C-rGOF@PDMS柔性压阻式传感器。该材料策略采用两步工艺：先进行梯度发泡，再经高温碳化处理，最终制备出的传感器具有70/52毫秒的快速响应/恢复时间、122 kPa⁻¹的高灵敏度、0.01–1300 kPa的宽检测范围，以及超过40,000次的超长循环寿命。突破单器件性能局限，本研究通过实施列扫描电路解决了阵列集成中的信号串扰难题，实现4×4阵列的精准压力映射。最终开发出集成式触觉手套系统，实现对仿生机械手的精准手势控制，系统总延迟仅为233-300毫秒。从材料设计到功能器件再到实用系统的全链路突破，彰显了该技术在下一代可穿戴人机界面、智能假肢及柔性机器人领域的巨大潜力。
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