1成果简介 相变材料在热能存储与管理领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,其导热性低、液体渗漏及固态刚度高等问题制约了实际应用。本文,北京科技大学黄秀兵 教授团队在《Nanoscale Horiz》期刊发表名为“Highly-oriented graphite/polyimide–carbon nanotube supported composite phase change materials with high thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion performance”的论文,研究采用双重封装策略,以高取向石墨框架(HOGF)为大框架,聚酰亚胺/碳纳米管(PI/CNT)气凝胶为小框架,构建出具有高导热性的取向碳骨架。经正十八烷(OD)浸渍处理后,成功制备出兼具双向高导热性、高储热能力和优异光热性能的复合相变材料(OHPC-x)。 OD的引入赋予OHPC卓越的储热能力,其中OHPC-2的焓值可达164.46 J g−1。此外,HOGF的层状结构提供了声子传输通道,赋予OHPC复合材料较高的面内导热系数(5.8913 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹)。作为导热填料与集热器的碳纳米管,既能扩大传热面积又能降低热阻。其添加使OHPC实现增强的轴向导热性(2.2934 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹)和高光热转换率(86.9%)。该复合材料实现了多功能的完美融合,在太阳能高效利用、建筑热管理及电子设备防护领域具有广阔的应用前景。 2图文导读 
图1、 (a) Schematic diagram of the increase in the interlayer distance of the HOGF caused by expansion in acidic solution and (b) schematic diagram of the preparation process; (c) molecular synthesis reaction of polyimide. 
图2、The thickness of the GP (a) before and (b) after expansion; (c) comparison of GP before and after expansion; (d)–(f) the morphology of the fracture surface of the HOGF with different expansion rates; (g) TEM image and (h) HR-TEM image of the HOGF, where the lattice plane corresponds to the (002) plane; (i) the corresponding diffraction spectrum of the graphite sheets; (j) XRD patterns and (k) Raman results of GP and the HOGF. 
图3、 (a) SEM image of the HOGF/PI/CNTs-1 aerogel; (b)–(d) SEM images of OHPC-x; (e) and (f) XRD patterns of the composite aerogel before and after imination; (g)–(i) FT-IR spectra of the composite aerogel before and after imination and OHPC. 
图4、For OD and OHPC, (a) DSC heating curves, (b) DSC cooling curves, (c) enthalpy values, and (d) loading rates; (e) DSC diagram of 100 heating and cooling cycles of OHPC-1; and (f) FT-IR spectra before and after cycling. 
图5、(a) Melting points of OD and CPCMs; (b) leakage test images of OD and CPCMs; (c) TG and (d) DTG of OHPC. 
图6、(a) In-plane and (b) through-plane thermal conductivity of OHPC; (c) finite element analysis of heat transfer in the (i) horizontal and (ii) vertical directions. 
图7、(a) UV-Vis-NIR spectra of OHPC-x; (b) photothermal test simulations; (c) photothermal conversion curves and (d) photothermal conversion efficiencies of CPCMs, (e) temperature–time curves and (f) Fourier transform infrared spectra of OHPC-2 after 20 photothermal cycles. 3小结 本研究通过巧妙地在HOGF薄片间填充PI/CNTs,设计出双重封装框架,并通过冷冻干燥和真空浸渍工艺成功制备出具有高导热性和高光热转换率的定向CPCMs。OHPC-2的光热转换材料负载量高达78.94%,其焓值达164.46 J g−1,在储能与能量转换领域具有广阔应用前景。此外,HOGF的存在赋予OHPC较高的面内导热性。OHPC-2的平面热导率高达5.8913 W m−1 K−1。碳纳米管的掺入显著提升了复合材料的轴向热导率与光热转换效率,其轴向热导率可达2.2934 W m−1 K−1,光热转换效率亦达86.9%。当OHPC垂直置于60℃热板上时,所有样品均能在90秒内完成向表面的热传递,表明该材料具备卓越的传热散热性能,在电子设备热管理领域具有广阔应用前景。此外,制备的OHPC还展现出优异的热循环与光热循环性能,经100次连续温升降温循环及20次光热循环后仍保持高焓值与结构稳定性。本研究突破了传统相变材料的局限性,为太阳能采集与热管理技术提供了创新思路。 文献: 
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